Low Platelets (Thrombocytopenia): How to Care for Your Child

Thrombocytopenia (throm-buh-sye-tuh-PEE-nee-uh) is when blood has fewer platelets than normal. This makes it hard for blood to clump and stop bleeding. Kids with a low platelet count have a greater chance of bleeding and problems like easy bruising, nosebleeds, blood in the pee, and heavy periods. There are things you and your child can do to lower the chance of bleeding.

• Don't give your child nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®, or a store brand), naproxen (Aleve®, Naprosyn®, or a store brand), or aspirin, unless the doctor says it's OK.

• It is OK to give acetaminophen (such as Tylenol® or a store brand) if needed for fever or pain.

• To measure your child's temperature, use a digital thermometer under the arm or in the mouth, or use a temporal artery thermometer. To prevent bleeding, don't measure a rectal temperature or give rectal medicines.

• When the health care provider tells you that the platelet counts are low, your child should: 

  • Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.

  • Stop flossing if the gums start to bleed.

  • Use an electric shaver instead of a razor if old enough to shave.

  • Avoid using sharp knives, scissors, and needles.

• Your child should avoid contact sports and other activities that can cause injury.

• If your child has a nosebleed, pinch the soft part of the nose tightly and have your child tilt the head slightly forward. Keep the nose pinched for at least 10 minutes.

• If your child gets a cut or has bleeding gums, cover with a clean cloth and apply gentle pressure with your finger or hand. Hold for 10 minutes.

• Tell the dentist and all health care providers about your child's condition. Your child may need to take medicine for a few days before dentist visits and surgery to help prevent bleeding.

Your child:

• has swelling, pain, or stiffness in a joint

• is a girl and has very heavy periods

• is vomiting

Your child:

• falls and hits his or her head or gets a blow to the head or belly

• has a severe headache or belly pain

• has vomit that is bloody or that looks like coffee grounds

• has bloody or black poop (bowel movements)

• has bloody or brown pee (urine)

• has a nosebleed or other bleeding that doesn't stop with 10 minutes of applying pressure

• is dizzy or lightheaded

• is very sleepy or hard to awaken

• seems confused, isn't making sense, has blurry vision, or is unsteady when walking

What causes low platelets? Kids can develop low platelets from an illness, some medicines, herbal supplements, or medical treatments. Kids who don't get enough of certain nutrients also can have low platelets. Sometimes thrombocytopenia runs in families.

What are the treatments for low platelets? Treatments may include changes in activities; medicine; or avoiding certain foods, drugs, or herbs. Some kids with a very low amount of platelets may get extra platelets given through an intravenous (IV) line — called a platelet transfusion — especially if they have bleeding.