Pineal Cyst
Important information:
Your child may have been referred to a neurosurgeon because an MRI scan showed a pineal cyst. These cysts are often found on scans taken for headaches or other neurological symptoms and are usually normal, incidental findings that rarely cause these symptoms.
The pineal gland
The pineal gland is located in the center of the brain. Although its exact function isn't fully understood, it is known to produce and regulate hormones like melatonin, which plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle.
The pineal gland is very close to the cerebral aqueduct, the narrowest part of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathway. Pineal cysts rarely block this pathway (causing hydrocephalus, or an abnormal buildup of fluid in the brain) unless they are large.
What is a pineal cyst?
A pineal cyst is a fluid-filled sac with thin walls. These cysts have a distinctive appearance on an MRI scan, making them easy to differentiate from other lesions in this area. They are most common in young females. Pineal cysts usually do not cause symptoms and very rarely require surgery. Surgery is only considered if the cyst is large enough to block the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to hydrocephalus.
Follow up
If an MRI clearly shows a pineal cyst, no treatment is needed. Your child’s neurosurgeon will decide if follow-up imaging is necessary to monitor the cyst's size. Sometimes, the neurosurgeon may suggest that your child’s primary care provider or neurologist keep an eye on any new or worsening neurological symptoms. This means repeat MRIs and neurosurgery follow-ups would only be needed if symptoms arise or change.
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Reviewed July 2024 by Allison Rodman PA-C